Tourism classifications. How to start a travel business: a business plan for a travel agency. What you need to open a travel agency Choosing a direction of work

Documentation

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Choice of direction of work

This is the first thing you will have to deal with. All currently operating companies can be divided into two groups: those that organize and implement their own tours, in a word - tour operators, and those that specialize exclusively in selling offers from domestic and foreign companies, that is, travel agents.

Of course, it is more profitable to work according to the first option, but the risks are higher. In addition, the initial capital required is very large. Therefore, it is safer and easier to start activities with the implementation of ready-made tours of reputable tour operators. The organization of a tourism business in this case will require much smaller investments from you, you can start with a capital of 200 thousand rubles (of course, this is the minimum figure).

A travel agent is a kind of intermediary between a large company and a buyer. But this does not mean that you should sell tours strictly at the price determined by the tour operator. For example, the organizer of a tour to America offered you a route worth 80,000 rubles for implementation on the condition that you take 10 percent of the tour price for yourself. You are selling a ticket in your city, where there are no similar offers, more expensive, say, for 100 thousand rubles. The benefit is obvious - your income increases.

Travel business. Where to begin?

After you have decided on the direction of work, you should register your company. You can create a legal entity, or you can function as an individual entrepreneur. As practice shows, for work in the field of tourism, it is still better to give preference to LLC. The key point in such activities is the trust of customers in the company they choose, and people trust legal entities more than individual entrepreneurs.

A fee of 4,000 rubles is charged for registering an LLC, and you will also have to make a seal (another 400-600 rubles) and certify the constituent documents with a notary (about 1,000 rubles). The authorized capital must be at least 10,000 rubles, at least half of it you must transfer to an account opened with a bank (you will also have to pay about 500 rubles to open an account). Upon registration, the company will be assigned OKVED 53.30 “Activities of travel agencies”. Thus, the minimum amount that you will spend on the registration procedure is 6,000 rubles.

License and taxes

What else do you need to open a travel agency? Previously, a license was required, but since 2007, compulsory licensing has been abolished. Therefore, it remains only to choose the object of taxation. The work of travel agencies falls under the simplified tax system. Two objects are offered at your discretion: income (6 percent rate) or income minus expenses (15 percent rate). The second option should be chosen only if a large share of the costs is expected.

Room selection

This step should be done before the registration process. Yes, you will not be registered if the company does not have a legal address. Of course, it is best to locate the agency's office in the city center, but focus primarily on financial opportunities. Pay special attention to the design and furnishings of the room. Essentially, a travel company sells promises, “air”, a person gives money now and receives a service later, so you should create an atmosphere of confidence that the savings go into safe hands.

Office equipment

Do not forget about office equipment: the office must be equipped with a computer with Internet access (one is enough for a start), a telephone, a printer, a fax - without all this, work cannot be organized. The cost of furniture will also be rather big. A computer desk costs at least 6,000 rubles, a swivel chair costs about 3,000 thousand, you will also need to purchase chairs for clients, a sofa to wait in case there is a queue, a coffee table where booklets, leaflets, etc. will lie.

On average, the cost of buying furniture will be 30-60 thousand rubles. You will need to spend about 50 thousand rubles on office equipment (with conservative estimates). Yes, your own travel company is expensive! The business plan should also contain a calculation of the monthly costs of maintaining the office, which will include the cost of stationery, utility bills, Internet payments, telephone bills, and more.

Choice of partners

Finding the tour operators you want to work with is what you need to open a travel agency, among other things. Today, there are many operators on the market that organize tours to various destinations. An important point: you need to work only with trusted companies.

Many entrepreneurs who are just starting the development of the tourism business make a serious mistake. They strive to cooperate with tour operators offering tours at the lowest prices. As a rule, such firms are unreliable. To avoid unpleasant moments, choose companies that have already established themselves in the market.

Be sure to find out which tour operators have offices in your city. Working with them, you will get rid of many troubles. All documentation turnover is carried out at the main office, if you have a representative office, you can directly give documents, which is very convenient.

Recruitment

The business plan of the travel agency must include information about the staff and payroll. A small company may consist of only four people: a director, a manager, an accountant and a janitor. When combining functions, the staff can be even smaller.

The complexity of tourism services is revealed through their classification. There are several classification approaches based on various characteristics.

In order to classify modern tourism, it is necessary to establish its main classification features. It is advisable to classify according to a geographical basis, directions of the tourist flow, the purpose of the trip, the method of transportation, means of accommodation for tourists, the number of participants, organizational and legal forms, etc.

Depending on the categories of persons engaged in tourist travel (trips, visits), their goals, objects used or visited, or other features, there are the following types of tourism:

- Children's;
- Youth;
— Family;
- For the elderly;
- For invalids;
– Cultural and educational;
– Therapeutic and health-improving;
— Sports;
- Religious;
— Ecological (green);
— Rural;
- Underwater;
- Mountain;
— Adventure;
- hunting;
— Automotive;
— Amateur, etc..

Consider the characteristics of the main types of tourism.

CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM

1 Geographic principle
1.1. Interior
1.2. International

3 Purpose of travel
3.1. recreational
3.2. Wellness vacation
3.3. Cognitive rest
3.4. Professional business tourism
3.5. Scientific (congressional)
3.6. sports recreation
3.7. Shop tours
3.8. Adventures
3.9. Pilgrimage
3.10. Nostalgic
3.11. Ecotourism
3.12. Exotic
3.13. Elitist

4 Funding source
4.1. Social
4.2. Commercial

5 way to travel
5.1. Pedestrian
5.2. Aviation
5.3. Nautical
5.4. River
5.5. Autotourism
5.6. Railway
5.7. Bicycle
5.8. Mixed

6. Accommodation facilities
6.1. Hotels
6.2. Hotels
6.3. boarding houses
6.4. Camping
6.5. Tents

7. Number of participants
7.1. Individual
7.2. Family
7.3. Group

8. Length of stay
8.1. short term
8.2. long term

9. Location of the tourist spot
9.1. Mountain
9.2. Water
9.3. Rural
9.4. Suburban

10 Intensity of the tourist flow
10.1. Constant
10.2. Seasonal

11. Organizational form
11.1. Organized
11.2. unorganized

The main thing is the division of tourism into domestic and international.

1. Domestic tourism represents the migration flows of people within the country of permanent residence for tourism purposes. The national currency, used daily, continues to be a means of payment, and the native language of a tourist is a means of communication. Such trips are relatively easy to arrange. According to some estimates, tourism accounts for 80-90% of all tourist trips, and the total amount of spending on domestic tourism is 5-10 times the cost of tourists on international travel.

2. international tourism covers trips of persons traveling for tourism purposes outside the country of permanent residence. Crossing the state border for them is associated with certain formalities: the issuance of passports and visas, the passage of customs procedures, currency and medical control. These rules are introduced by the state in order to combat illegal migration, international terrorism, drug trafficking, prostitution, etc. and provide an established procedure for entering and leaving the country. Special services check the compliance of tourists with the passport and visa regime, requirements for vaccination (vaccinations), rules and conditions for transporting things, goods, foreign exchange across the border and carrying out currency exchange operations.

3. national tourism includes domestic and outbound tourism and correlates with the category (GNP).

Travel for the purpose of entertainment and recreation is the basis of international tourism exchange. They account for about 70% of world tourism. They combine health, educational, amateur sports trips, etc.

4. T entry urism- travel within the country of persons who do not permanently reside in it, for tourism purposes without engaging in paid activities.

5. Outbound tourism- travel of persons permanently residing in one country to another country for similar purposes without engaging in paid activities in the country visited.

6. Recreational tourism. Tourism for the purpose of recreation for a number of states is the most massive form. Trips of foreign tourists to Spain, Italy. France and Austria are primarily pursuing precisely this goal. Recreational tourism is characterized by the duration of travel, a small number of cities included in the route, the widespread use of air transport and, above all, charter flights.

Leisure trips are very diverse and may include entertainment programs (theater, cinema, festivals, etc.), hobby activities (hunting, music and art), ethnic trips related to the study of the national culture of the host country.

Recreational tourism includes various types of tourism for the purpose of recreation, sightseeing (Excursions), sports (Skiing, Diving, Fishing), hiking (Activity & Adventure), exotic vacations (Exotic Travel), thematic trips (Theme Trips, based around cultural themes in arts, history, archeology, etc.).

7. Wellness vacation has a personal character. However, it is not uncommon for tourists to join together for joint trips, with the aim of obtaining group discounts on fares. The usual duration of a tour for treatment is 24-28 days, which is much longer than for other types of tourism.

Health-improving rest, depending on the means of influencing the human body, is divided into climate-, balneo-, sea-, mud therapy, etc.

8. Cognitive (excursion) tourism. This type of tourism includes travel and trips for educational purposes. Excursion as a form of knowledge and a type of leisure performs the functions of broadening one's horizons and intellect. One of the varieties of educational trips is car tourism. Compared to travel by other means of transport, travel by car and bus provides tourists with a much greater educational opportunity.

9. Professional business tourism. This type of tourism includes trips for business purposes. Life in a modern civilized society necessitates international contacts. Business trips have recently become widespread.

A number of travel companies specialize in organizing group trips for businessmen with various purposes. The great advantage of business tourism is the possibility of organizing it during the busy season. At the same time, travel agencies can provide both purely tourist services (transport, accommodation, meals, excursion services) and specific ones (studying information, collecting data on possible trading partners, translations, providing the necessary economic materials, organizing business meetings, etc.) . Especially for this, large congress centers are being created with meeting rooms and facilities for accommodating visitors. Often, congress participants are accompanied by their family members, for whom the organizers of the forums, together with a travel company, offer a purely tourist program. Often the participants themselves get acquainted with the sights of the city, and after the end of the congress they make tourist trips around the country.

A distinctive feature of this type of tourism is that participants in business meetings spend much more money during their stay in the country than an ordinary tourist. Therefore, many states are striving to host international forums and other similar events.

Business tourism also includes incentive tourism (incentive tourism).

It is gradually gaining positions in the market of Eastern European countries, displacing traditional social tourism. These are tourist trips organized by enterprises and firms for their employees as a means of encouragement and as a reward for conscientious work. A feature of such tours are interesting stay programs, which, along with rest and excursions, provide social measures: professional meetings, visits to enterprises and institutions, family accommodation, entertainment, etc. The rapid growth of incentive tourism in the world has led to the creation of a number of associations of this profile, holding conferences, organizing exhibitions and publishing special catalogues. In the world, the cost of organizing incentive tourism is 5-6 billion US dollars.

In business tourism, two large segments are distinguished: individuals or groups, travelers with business purposes, and employees of various companies who often have to travel on company business. The latter is the so-called corporate tourism.

10. Scientific tourism. It is also called congress tourism (Conference Travel). The purpose of congress tourism is to conduct scientific and practical seminars, conferences, congresses.

11. Very popular sports tourism. The main task of these tours is to provide tourists with the opportunity to practice the chosen sport. Sports tourism requires the necessary base: a variety of equipment, special tracks, lifts, sports grounds, facilities. One of the main requirements for sports tours is to ensure the safety of vacationers.

Sports tours, depending on the purpose of travel, are divided into two types: active and passive. In the first case, the basis is the occupation of some kind of sport, in the second case, the interest in sports, for example, attending competitions.

12. "Shop Tours" characteristic of Russia and the CIS countries. The purpose of trips abroad is to purchase consumer goods for their subsequent sale (shoes, knitwear and other goods - in Turkey, Italy, Portugal, Syria; textiles - in Indonesia; furs - in Greece and Argentina; furniture - in Poland and Italy; body - and radio products - in the UAE; cars - in Germany, Sweden, Holland).

The "shuttle" business brings a tangible increase in the budget of these countries. So, in Turkey, "shuttle traders" annually buy goods worth 8-10 billion dollars. The government of the country strongly supports shop tourism. The press relations adviser to the Turkish Minister of Tourism said that tourists who bought low-quality goods have the right to demand an exchange, a refund of the amount paid or free elimination of defects within 15 days. In case of purchase of a product with a latent defect, the consumer has the right to file a claim with the seller within two years.

13. Adventure tourism is a kind of recreation and provides not only the stay of tourists in an attractive place for them, but also an unusual activity (“royal hunting”, “search for pirate treasures”, etc.). Adventure tourism is divided into several types:
1) derivatives of the expedition;
2) safari tours (hunting, fishing, butterfly catching, etc.);
3) sea travel (yachting).

The geography and themes of adventure tours are quite large and varied. Usually these are group tours. A specific feature of such tourism is the obtaining of various licenses that allow hunting, fishing, and the export of trophies. Adventure tourism is associated with a certain risk, therefore, highly qualified instructors are needed to ensure the safety of such tours. This type of tourism has a rather high cost, and it can be classified as an elite holiday.

14. Religious (pilgrimage) tourism is in demand and popular. There are several types of tourism with religious purposes:

1) pilgrimage (visiting holy places to worship relics)
2) educational trips (acquaintance with religious monuments, the history of religion, the culture of religion);
3) scientific trips (travels of historians and other specialists dealing with religious issues, etc.).

A serious problem in this type of tourism is the issue of training highly qualified personnel. It is important that they can not only show historical and architectural sights, but also be familiar with spiritual and religious values.

15. Nostalgic tourism. This type of tourism is based on the need of people to visit relatives, places of birth and residence of loved ones and occupies an important place in the international tourist exchange.

16. Ecotourism designed to create economic incentives for environmental conservation. The concept of "ecotourism" covers a wide range of travel - from small educational tours for schoolchildren to regular tourist programs in national parks and reserves. The profit received from this type of tourism can be partly directed to environmental protection measures.

17. A few words should be said about exotic tourism. In recent years, tours have appeared that are striking in their unusualness, such as diving - scuba diving, rafting - rafting by mountain rivers on light inflatable rafts, bungee jumping - jumping from a height.

Gastronomic tours also have the character of exotic tourism. Often adventure tourism is associated with a certain risk and requires increased attention to the safety of tourists. As a result, extreme tourism has emerged from adventure tourism, the purpose of which is to test human strength in a difficult environment. It is gaining popularity especially among young people, because it not only creates conditions for testing a person’s own strengths, but also tempers them.

The French company "Apsar" organizes icebreaker tours to Antarctica and the Arctic. The first cruise to Antarctica was organized in 1989. Tourists travel on highly comfortable icebreakers with a sauna, swimming pool, gym and conference rooms. The icebreaker is equipped with boats and helicopters for excursions. The trip includes living in these exotic places, where tourists observe the life of the local "inhabitants" - seals, walruses and penguins. In 2005, about 11 thousand tourists visited Antarctica, paying from 9 to 16 thousand dollars for the tour.

Many people want to get acquainted with the underwater world. The most promising project in this direction is traveling on a transparent submarine. One of its routes is planned to be laid to the site of the Titanic disaster. According to statistics, since 1985, 46 tourist submarines have been in operation. In 2004, the number of tourists who visited the depths of the seas and oceans amounted to more than 2 million, while the profit of travel organizers is 147 million dollars.

The Paris Odeon Hotel has developed a route for its clients that exactly repeats the last earthly journey of Princess Diana. Those wishing to touch the mystery of the tragedy will drive a black Mercedes from the Ritz Hotel to the tunnel - the site of the disaster.

18. Elite tourism designed for a wealthy clientele. For this category of consumers, the level of prices on the market does not really matter, but they place increased demands on the quality of the goods and services offered. In this regard, it is impossible not to note the role that elite tourism plays in the development of the tourism business as a whole. It sets the impetus for the development of the entire tourism industry. It contributes to the approval and dissemination of new high standards of service and, finally, improves the quality of life of the population. Therefore, elite tourism is often called a "tourist locomotive".

19. The focus on consumers is forcing tourism service providers to look for new market segments. The organization of wedding tours becomes a profitable business. Thus, the British company "Thompson Holidays" sells about 5 thousand wedding tours a year.

It is beneficial for travel companies to engage in this type of tourism, since living expenses are significantly reduced due to the provision of high discounts by hotels for young people (up to 60-80%). A package of tourist services, except for basic ones, including video shooting, limousine, flowers, champagne, etc. If the wedding ceremony is planned to be done on a trip, it will be organized as a folklore festival. Practice shows that young people prefer to relax in the Caribbean or in the countries of Southeast Asia, Italy is popular in Europe, and Las Vegas in the USA.

Increasingly, citizens of our country spend their holidays abroad, travel to different countries. But tourist trips around the country do not stop. , following this trend, is also developing. New agencies, tour operators appear, hotels are being built. not a very difficult process. The biggest difficulty is the huge competition. And before joining their close ranks, you need to decide in the role of whom you will act. Currently, two types of organizations are most common: Tour Operator or Travel Agent. So who are they.

What is a tour operator and travel agent

Tour operator - a legal entity that is engaged in the formation, promotion and sale of a tourist product, in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation "On the basics of tourism activities in the Russian Federation". Simply put, it is an organization that prepares and promotes tourism offers. The tour operator arranges food and accommodation at the hotel. Provides transport, excursions, etc.

There are several ways to sell a product. For example, using travel agencies. In this case, the entire responsibility for the quality of the services provided lies with the tour operator.

A travel agency is an organization that promotes and sells a tour operator's tourism product. In accordance with the law of the Russian Federation "On the basics of tourism activities." A travel agency can be opened by both a legal entity and an individual entrepreneur. This is an intermediary between tourists and the tour operator, who receives his commission. The travel agent buys a tourist product formed and ready for sale from the operator. And offers it to the end user. For this sale, receiving a cash reward.

Quite often, a travel organization combines the functions of a travel agent and a tour operator. For example, a travel organization forms and offers a tour of Italy, acting as a tour operator. And at the same time, this travel agency acts as a travel agent, implementing a tour to France, formed by another tour operator.

It is important to know that tourism happens:

entry - travel on the territory of the Russian Federation of people who do not permanently reside in Russia;
exit - travel of citizens of the Russian Federation abroad;
internal - travel within the Russian Federation of Russian citizens.

Back to index

To open and operate a travel agency, special permits are not required by law. Therefore, this type of tourism business, as practice shows, is more common. Let's look at the main stages of creating a travel agency (travel agent).

Back to index

Business plan

At the first stages of opening any business, it is necessary to draw up a business plan. First you need to decide for what purpose it is compiled and for whom. For example, to obtain a loan, for a private investor, for oneself. It is necessary to calculate the amount of capital investments for a year, six months, a month. You can draw up a business plan yourself or order it from a consulting company.

Back to index

Choosing the name of the travel agency

Much depends on the successful name of the travel company. It helps to promote the company's services on the market, creates an associative range and style associated with the company. A successful name is well and quickly remembered, which is very important when there is a lot of competition.

Back to index

Site creation

Nowadays, to organize your business, you need the support of the Internet. Take care of creating your own company website. This service can be ordered from professionals, but it is possible to make a simple website on your own. To do this, you need to choose a hosting (the place of "physical" storage of your site) and a domain name. This is the address of your page, which should overlap with the name of your company. This will make it easier for potential customers to remember and find you.

There are many free and highly detailed website builders out there. Choose one and, following the instructions and tips, create your site. To begin with, it is enough to make a one-page site, where there will be information about you, contacts, a short list of services.

Back to index

Choice of tourist destinations

As experts advise, a narrowly focused business sells its goods and services better. Buyers often turn to specialized stores. The same rule applies in the tourism business. It is better to offer specific tours to your customers. For example: "Our agency selects medical tours in Russia using a unique methodology for children and adults." Instead of the sentence "We will pick up any tour." The first option is more informative and understandable.

Back to index

How to choose partner tour operators

When signing a cooperation agreement with a tour operator, pay attention to the availability, validity period and amount of financial security. To the number in the Federal Register of Tour Operators. For the duration of work in the tourism business. Pay attention to the number of employees in the state of this company, the presence of diplomas and awards. Find out where the tour operator's office is, its size and presentability, availability of management information, etc. There are no exact criteria for selecting the best and most reliable partners. Try to learn as much as possible about them.

Back to index

Where does the tourism business start?

So, where should you start when opening a tourism business:

office selection. In order to organize a tourism business, it is necessary to find a suitable premises. It is worth choosing an office space in places with maximum traffic. In a popular shopping center, in a business center, on the central streets of the city, next to the metro;
preparation of a business plan;
recruitment. According to experts, decency and diligence are the most important criteria in the selection of personnel. Quite often, aspiring entrepreneurs hire their friends and relatives. Perhaps this is not such a bad choice in the tourism business;
advertising. Print business cards, advertise on the Internet, post or distribute flyers. Students can be hired for this work;
paperwork. Find out about what documents you need to draw up to open your own tourism business in the relevant authorities. The main thing is to make everything legal.

Tourism classifications. How to start a travel business: a business plan for a travel agency. What you need to open a travel agency Choosing a direction of work

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar Documents

Choice of direction of work

Travel business. Where to begin?

License and taxes

Room selection

Office equipment

Choice of partners

Recruitment

What is a tour operator and travel agent

Business plan

Choosing the name of the travel agency

Site creation

Choice of tourist destinations

How to choose partner tour operators

Where does the tourism business start?